2010 Issue

23 Flexible Membrane Liners, Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, 1988, 5, 275-294) The constructed depth and maximum operating depth of the primary and secondary lagoons at each farm site are included in the construction permits and construction permit applications. The construction permits require that lagoons be properly operated and maintained in a manner to prevent excessive odors. The operation and maintenance of these facilities may require more effort than is outlined in theUSNatural ResourcesConservationService (NRCS) standards formainte- nance of anaerobic lagoons found in theUSNatural ResourceConservation Service’s AgriculturalWasteManagement FieldHandbook. Additional guid- ance for the proper maintenance of anaerobic lagoons is available from the Utah State University Extension Service, the American National Standards Institute/American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ANSI/ASAE) Engineer- ing Practice EP403.3 (July 1999) entitled Design of Anaerobic Lagoons for AnimalWasteManagement, andANSI/ASAE StandardEP379.2 (November 1997) entitledControl ofManureOdors. Circle Fourmay develop alternative procedures with adequate justification for any deviation from the guidance contained in the above references. Groundwater Based on ground water quality data from site-specific monitoring wells, the ground water quality beneath farm sites ranges from Class 1A Pristine GroundWater to Class IV saline GroundWater. Water with total dissolved solids concentration of less than 500 milligrams per liter and conformance with ground water quality standards stated in R317-6, Utah Administra- tive Code, merits Class 1A classification. Other classes are described in Groundwater Quality Protection rule [R317-6, Utah Administrative Code]. Figure 2 shows a snapshot of total dissolved solids concentration in the area underlying the Circle Four project. A ground water monitoring system has been installed at each existing la- goon system for the purpose of establishinggroundwater flowdirections at each farmsite and tomonitor the groundwater quality both upgradient and downgradient in the uppermost water-bearing zone under the lagoons. Ground water is sampled and analyzed semi-annually for the term of the permit for total nitrate + nitrite as N, ammonia as N, pH, specific conduc- tance, temperature, chloride, bicarbonate, and total dissolved solids for the term of the permit. This list of ground water monitoring parameters may be updated by the most recently revised and approved version of the Circle Four Farms Sampling and Analysis Plan. Regulatory decisions made as a result of ground water monitoring must take into account the background variability of ground water quality at the sites. Summary Over two decades of operation has not been without rough edges. Con- struction and operational challenges have been numerous to be covered here. Liner failures and odors have been sore spots. However, Circle Four has worked diligently to rectify the issues and be a good corporate citizen. Mr. Bhayani, alumnus of Universities of Bombay, India, and Rhode Island, is a board certified environmentalengineer,andaregisteredprofessionalengineer.Mr.Hickey,agraduateofCalifornia StateUniversityatNorthridge,isaprofessionalgeologist.Messers.BhayaniandHickeyareaffiliated with the Utah Division of Water Quality. Figure 2 Skyline Complex Total Dissolved Solids Concentrations, milligrams per liter, contours